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This is S i Action from t B. I'm John S. S, e p need a b f f o h t universe works. / I'm ready. Let's do it. / O. / world record, b / w / attempts. L __ __. A r, here w g. / F o h w d / perhaps, m i, w / d / later i t p. B f, We are going to be filling s e gaps i h history. T's b a real m a t first h o o N America. C evidence s t n A s f t r i Siberia a 25 t y a, b t o appeard i w i n A about 15 y ago. S, there has always been / somewhat f g of t t years. Well, at that t, t region, w n l under w b R a Alaska, w dry l. Could t early s have crossed t B land b t g t t Americas? H w h s t long i s h c? Scot A f Loyal H__ U of London h b reconstructing w t l b m h l l t t t f o more a t t t y gap.

T main g i really a g i t a record. __ __ started off about 24-25 t years a. T' good a in S, sort of __ the western s o t l b, a t t t i nothing i t n w or i S u about 15 t y a. So, there's this ten thousand y archeological g. And w j d't know where the residents of t part o t w / went d t t. / Of c t g i now a ocean. It's s, b i w't always. / T's right. E t t a g __ __ the ice a, global s l d by anywhere f s t a h meters. A, / s happens that the regions b S a Alaska a s c shelf a. A, s, t a only a 50 to 60 meters below s l n, someone __ d / sea level / by a h meters / y get t d l. / So, t have b s studies that have looked at genetics, a / done some c a o people o b s o w i n t B stait, a, t'v given some i into what h d t lost t y. / Well, we've picked up a story __ 24 t y a i southern S. T a able t g ancient D f a human skelton at a site called M__. And, that __ __ ancient / D expert t r t t person p w one o t a o t native A, b n t immediate ancestor because there are s o genetic mutations that go on all the time, __ y c, s o, use them as a mesure __ / clock t t t timing o p / m and things. / So, w'v n some p evidence __ __ t help filling t g / t's e w you've b a t f. How have you done that? / I was v fortunate. I __ at a v s a r meeting b i t 1990's. I ran into some people from the, uh, US g s __ __ __ park, C. T a marine geologists, a t h t deep s s c f the a t n the B a Chukchi s b u t b a l b. __ T w looking f d c m, sort of bedrock materials t s things like oil a g d. But, a t t of t cores, just before __ __ hit t w l, t w levels of s t / f t land b. S, I w a t go t C, analize t cores a extract plants, insects, pollen f o p d f t land b. / A, y w able to analyze t t, sort of, b u a p of w happening. S, give us t p. W d t land l l w i was land? / bridge, f o a, / big broad region / The word 'land bridge' / unfortunate / makes it sound l a s o / narrow / between t c, b i w about twice the size of T. S, i w an enormous, broad p. A f a w c t, based o f e, i w covered w s c 'm', or shrub t. S, shrub t i a, w y i t arctic t. It's t vegitation __ c climate / d s o b, __, willow, and these a v close t t g. T s are, sort of, ten c o less t. S, they are very close to t g. But t are woody p. A, I think, that's where the link / people c i, b t people m f S t Alaska during the height of __ g, needed a sorce of wood to burn. A o hypothesis, or a t i y prefer, i t p would pull u t w p a use t t get fire started a l a large m, o m, o camel, o horse b, across that fire t get i b b t w give you a long lasting fire / A, s, t w, p s f t t t y that took them to slowly walk across to the Americas? / Y. W t's w t survived / The climate w a l warmer t i w / b o t proximity to the N Pacific o. S, t height o t g wasn't a bad on the land b than would have been in the interior Alaska, for instance. And then they / source o w s t c, uh, make f inside their shelters a n t s w. / Still __ __ f miserable e, I would imagine. Can y g a physical evidence / f / for example / l a trace b / unfortunately i __ b / very t n i a huge h / w w l t extract t s c from / old camp fire, but, gosh, y k, i a a twice t s o Texas to find a single campfire w b remarkably lucky. / S A from Loyal H__ University o L. You are with the BBC.

another gap i h h / roughly t s t a / b constructed / building m c a what is now / constructed beautifully e c / streets / b then / their time / eventually / way of life ended / new / c b a key / why / written / university / ancient / contain a record o / a little more / great / civilization / s aspects t / whole / drainage, for example / t g access t w / all sorts of short / s t kilometers / f example / all / must / collaplse / things l c / environment / e t resources / break down for some reason / guess / one a / j published / find / what was happening / particular / how / talking about / really nice / getting / environment / they're often / indicators / go / go / lakes / sort / of things / trap / hunting / means / geological literature / lakes / India / samples / basically / deposits / deposits / snail / analyze / isotopes / establish / consistency / evapolation / depending / evapolation / fingerprint / time / absolutely / proxy / separate /

Source : http://www.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/series/scia scia_20140306-2050a.mp3